AWL NEMATODES, DOLICHODORUS SPP. COBB, 1914 (NEMATODA: SECERNENTEA: TYLENCHIDA: TYLENCHINA: DOLICHODORIDAE: DOLICHODORINAE)

Awl Nematodes, Dolichodorus spp. Cobb, 1914 (Nematoda: Secernentea: Tylenchida: Tylenchina: Dolichodoridae: Dolichodorinae)

Awl nematodes were first described in 1914 from specimens collected at Silver Springs, Florida, and Douglas Lake, Michigan.Species of Dolichodorus are found worldwide, but two species, D.heterocephalus and D.miradvulvus, are the most common in Florida.Usually, awl nematodes are found in moist to wet soil, low areas of fields, and near irrigation di

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Differential modulation of photosynthesis and defense strategies towards copper toxicity in primary and cotyledonary leaves of Ricinus communis L.

Copper (Cu) is an essential element associated with different metabolic processes in plants.However, at concentrations higher than the threshold level, it becomes a potential stress factor.In the present investigation, the Cu-induced photosynthetic changes and prominent Cu detoxification methods were evaluated in Ricinus communis seedlings.Exposure

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Euonymus nanus (Celastraceae) in Europe and in the Caucasus Mountains: geographi-cal distribution, habitats and modern state of populations

The study of the current state of populations and habitats of rare and threatened species of plants is a relevant task of ecological research.The paper presents the results of investigation of the geographical distribution, habitats and modern state of populations of a rare species of the European and Caucasian floras Euonymus nanus M.Bieb.(Celastr

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We should pay more attention to the community context in the disaster management: lessons learned from the first days after the Khoy earthquake

Dear Editor-in-Chief On January 28, the city of Khoy (the northwest of Iran) was struck by a strong earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 on the Richter scale at 21:44:44 and a depth of 7 km, X: 45.01 and Y: 38.05 (1).This earthquake occurred 117 kilometers from Urmia, the capital of the West Azerbaijan Province.Over 370,000 people were affected by th

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